Geometrical instrument



P.- G. JENNINGS GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENT Filed March 6 1943 5Sheets-Sheet. 1

INVENTOR.

B404 '0. Jaw/mas BY W41. I

AGENT A g. 21, 1945. P. G. JENNiNGs 2,3 3

GEOMETRICAL INsTRUMEiqT Filed March 6, 1943 5 Sheets-sh -INVENTQR PAUL GA GS.

"'7 A ENI' Ms; m w a Patented Aug. 21, 1945 UNIT so STATES PATENT oFFrcEington Arms Company, Incl, Bridgeport, .Conn a corporation of Delaware rApplication March 6, 1943, Serial No: 478,17 1 V i ,9 Claims. (01.33-174) H 'lhisinvention relates, in. general, to a gauge, and, inparticular, to a gauge for measuring profiles.

the manufacture of certain types of tools, as, for instance, metalpunches such as used indrawing metallic tubular articles, the articleengaging portion of the tool must be shaped with extreme accuracy tospecific dimensiona'the permissible variations or tolerances being nomore and sometimes less than one one-thousandth of an inch.

" Various methodsare used for shaping the tools to specifications, thetwo most common being by grinding or by progressive turning operations.The latter term will be understood to'designate the method ofsuccessively cutting progressively increasingor decreasing diameters atequal incrementsalong the length of thetool blank. A diagrammaticillustration of a fragmentary portion of a tool profiled in the abovedescribed inanner is shown in Fig. 9 ofthe drawings.

it will be seen that during the initial stages of manufacture theprofile of the tool from its. pointed end. to its shank comprises aplurality of shoulders sof progressively increasing diameter,

each diameter having a specific dimension and spaced feduallyat everyfive hundredths inches along. theaxis of the tool blank. After cuttingthe. profile shoulders, a file or other, suitable abrading means isdrawn over the shoulders of thetool blank while it is being rotated toremove the'sharp edgesand form thesmooth continuous curve orprofile P.The profile may then be finished with a high polish or a chromium platein accordance with well known methods.

The'importance' of extremely accurate profile dimensionskwill be obviousto those skilled in the artybutfor, the purpose of emphasis, it may bepointed out that a punch such as the one described'above and whichexemplifies the type of punch used in forming the bullet jacket of a .50caliberar nor piercing projectile is carried in a reciprocatingihead.which drives the punch down "withconsiderablejforce into engagement witha partially formed bullet jacket supported in a jacket die. Q 1

Clearly, any. slight inaccuracies in the dimensions of thedieor in theprofile of the punch will manifest themselves as a wrinkle, groove, thinspotor, other deformation or imperfection in the wall of the bulletjacket. Moreover, when the punch is withdrawn from the die, it willnotfree itself readily from the imperfect jacket, but tends tdcarry'thejacketupwardly out of the die, in whichevent, thejacket and the punchitself will be deformedor broken on the subsequent downward stroke'ofthe punch. The only practical way of avoidingsuch malfunction is todetect any inaccuraciesin the "profile ofthepunchj prior to its use bymaking precise measurements of substantially the entireprofile of thefinished punch- It is an object of the present invention to provide animproved gauge means for measuring the profiles of tools. Afurthe'r.object is to provide an improved gauge "for conveniently and accuratelymeasuring progressively'increasing or decreasing transverse dimensionsof a tool at successiveincrements along the longitudinal dimensionof thetool.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will bedescribed in detail in the following specification.

The gauging device shown and described herein is but one exemplaryembodiment of applicants invention and one adapted particularly for measbodies all modifications thereof within the scope of the appendedclaims. i

" In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective View of the gauge unit of this inventionseparated for the purpose of clarity into two units A and B. r i i Fig.2 is an end elevation partially in section of unit A showing unit 13assembled thereon. w

Fig, 3 is a side elevation of the assembled gauge shown in Fig. 2. i

Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partially broken away,

of unit A. v

Fig. 5 is an. end elevation of unit A on line 5--5ofFig..2. I t

Fig. 6 is an end elevation-of unit A online BB of'Figs. 1 0

Fig. '7 is a plan view of of the gauge.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the joiningmeans for securing the secondrail tothe first carriage.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a tool having a progressively turnedprofile.

Referring tothe drawings, Fig. 1 shows a perspective View of theimproved profile gauge of this invention in use as a lathe attachment.

For the sake/of clarity,the gauge is shown as the assembled carriages,

vertical bore of a hub-shaped clamping nut 21 t which is mounted on topof the frame member 26 spanning the slot and is provided-witha rimhaving radially drilled holes28 tofslidablsl.

accommodate a handle or operating rod 29.

The longitudinal slot 25 of theframe member enables displacement of thegauge laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the' lathe ehus 31!- In. der t v prep r pos t n the gauge. tert eel y w th tesp e'ttteth' 'leneitu l 1 o a too or w rkp c T he d i 'the ehuels, a

herof gauge h oe s ZAmayj eproe' desi o di, Teren thi knesses eaeh'hehgapere ure'd toislide down over th 'b It is. c iteth upper series; o thtool .ear sembled posi ro o the too e r W. memb r 25 is the fted on to oth geuge. hl ekr 4 ndis securely fastened to the tool earner. by turning the eperatihej ehdle '29 clockwise es seeninEigL e The laterallyextending end of theirjagne mem he 26 eneeortsen b-shhttfid mmher-ieetzh e s eeu eciet ts upper end by hottest-witneend 32 of theframe member. .Although'the tremem mber and ush red mem er areshown as ehe two. separate pieees Joine betas..-

I t nths means, it will befunderstood that these two members be weldedtoge h .0 formed rom/e sing e Piece I p f ee 't e-l reeeteft e i at dmemher hi! su able bolts ,35, is a substantially he i eeta member a w te e. Figs. 1, 2 and 3, comprises a; VI extending along the upper edgebetizhllt et de me ns; 8; intermed ate h end th ree z, ,1 1 n Th uidemeansfifizeomnrises ansupstandin tongue substantially equalin-thieknesstojthe rib 37 andirectangular in shanerexeept for an arena atelizront tedge 38. Bolted. orcotherlwise secured on the upper edge of thetonguetisanmicrometer gauge snpporting-plate k0 which is substantiallyT'-s l 1aped, as shown in Fig. 1. The plate .40 is secured to theupper-edge-o'f the tongue a pair of bolts 42 which are countersunlrintheleg portion of the'T-shaped plate the flatter portion of the plateis also provided with a'centr al longitudina'l-ly extending gouge orconcave slot'4 3 'QQBKQWQQ thet -n e th b e e rmi mn D ,i o heeeenertedyon heyp e e a n. Suitable means for-supporting the gauge'M'on. the plate may, itorthf .purn 'es .of t is e iheet ea eo. -pr seyokeconsis i of a nests tit-se ure -the oppos te en s of or ioh'eft th p ate40 anda li mher 45 necti gtthe spaced posts A4. As shown a f et hena eet vth m r m r gauge J ee eeer -eepth au is adap e tQabB 9 t;.e yokeandfirmly secured there tigh zup bo -45 of the posts 44.,

ue ett d eositt nt h tem of the gauge is: adapted to abut the plate 63of a second rail or guide means hereinafter described.

From the above description, it will be clear that the frame member 26,rail 36 and micrometer gauge supporting table 40 aresecured together asa unit which is normally fixed to the tool holder is but Which may bereadily loosened therefrom and adjusted vertically or laterally with:respect ,to. the longitudinal :axis of the chuck 30.

A carriage 41 is adapted to slide on the rail 36, and, as shown in Figs.1, 2, 3 and 7, comprises a of spaced parallel plates 48 secured togetherat one end by a spacer block 49 and bolts 50 and -Qross-shaped joiningor securing means which is shown in'Fig. 8 and hereinafter described.

thickness of" each block 49 and 53 is substantially equal to thethickness of the rib 31 and the guide means or tongue 38, wherebythetwo- .n etes 8 of the r iage ill be suitab y space-depart to; enable thecarriag te..-slid treelst I 55 of substantially qual thi hneseandretered mensions se ur d togethe at right aeg'les btt Weld joint. or othersuitable, .fast iiriggmeens.

Theb loek 53 has. reduced-p rtion that Q'ne' end adapted tov n stinitne'eoneaterirentweqee 9 f the ton u 38. wh nlthe earriaeeAliismevedh k-e 1. he ra l '36. to, the position tshewn ih ig. 3.. Bothileloe s 53and team provided a peiro bolth leei'l ehid..e nt rilis Pintlri le ill-As wn in Fiatsu tab eh ltsfii.ofttheihloelc 5 re adaptedteafixedlysecurelth ..lat el; b tween th spa ed pla es 310f thecarriage. .41. To thisend a transverseslet .4311 is moJ tdedin; he upp redge of eaehplate Adofsuifieient depth. a d. W th toa eemme a e'thet anyersely tend e ends o the blocktiiofttheeros sn v joining, memberti andalso the members J ;,'a se ond ail or euide-mea sftl deee ibedlhe ewwhich.exten transre selyoi th nrstraiLfi; i!

. Thiese nd. rai or ui e means eomntieete; pair of; spaced paral el nlaes'lfia havingcrrelt' '1' grooves 64,- ee Fig lfi, in th h nwardlylia assu faces adie entrthe r resneetiveends orevidei d i gsurfae sM0=1eaeh,p1;ate. Q' e; eurel olted ihtermediate ts ehdlhyibelts fi l-tothe respecti e faces of the hloek asehom'm Fi i... It wtll heelear.asrshow tih EiQt-WQ hAt guide means 68 secured thereto may carriagemember or carriag -unit, Mounted to s ide. on the second railor guidemeans. fin .of. theoarr e e unit isaisecond-eare rla e 65. comprisin a.substantially. rectangular H a its ee ei e' hda eehc ee retes- Qf bl e kfir e ma eaenu sliding at be ween th eari g,eurtaees em-ot. railfifl.

As show Hie- 6 eu b ee ere tends above the upper edges of the platemembers 63 is somewhat thicker than the leg members 66 so as to providea horizontally extending shoulder 68 along one face of each. leg member,each shoulder being adapted to ride on the upper. edge 630 of one of theplate, members to: slidably support the second carriage on the secondguide means.

Suitable meansare provided for securing the second carriage65 in'thesecond guide means 66 and comprise .apertured disk members 69 fastenedby bolts 690 On the lower ends ofthe leg members 66 and of suflicientdiameter to span the lower edges of the plates 63" at each side of theleg members. i i

vided'for securing a micrometer gauge M to the carriage. The securingmeans shown comprises a substantially fiat longitudinally extendingtongue member '12 integral with and in the plane of the plate 65, butsomewhat thinner than the latter; as indicated in Fig. 1. Apair ofparallel slots 13 are madein the. tongue 12, see Fig. 4, to accommodatebolts 14 orother suitable fastening means of aclamp 15, see Fig. 2,which is adapted to embrace the cylindrical portion of the micrometergauge M to fixedly secure the gaugeto the second carriage 65. 3 8

Referring to Figs land 4; the opposite or left hand end of the carriageis shown provided with a U-shaped aperture. 16 foraccommodating the endof the workpiece or tool T being gauged as the gauging device isadvanced longitudinally thereof as hereinafter described. Fixedlysecured in thevertical arm 11 formed at the left hand end of thecarriage 65 byuthe aperture l6is an anvil 18 comprising a"substantiallyrectangular hardened steel block having a square workengaging end 19. s

In the present embodiment, the anvil is supported in a horizontallydisposed slot 88, milled or otherwise formed in the rearface of the arm1], the depth of the slotbeing substantially equal to the thicknessofthe anvil. Thus, when the anvil is seated in the slot, the exposedsurface of the anvil and the rear face of the frame" will besubstantially flush. A suitable cover plate 82, see Fig. '7, providedwith tapped holes is secured by bolts 83 over the slot 80 andserves tohold the anvil immovably therein.

'In axial alignment with the fixed anvil 18 is a movable workpieceengaging gauge finger 84 comprising a hardened steel block, the crosssectional Fig. 2.. To this end, the rear face of the carriage isprovided with a substantially rectangular horizontally disposed slot 86whichextends from the edge ofthe aperture 16 to the extreme right handend of the carriage 65. Thedepthand width of the slot 86 ,are slightlygreater than the corresponding dimensions of the gauge finger 84-so thatwhen the finger is seated in the slot, it; will be freely slidablethereinas indicated in Fig.6..

The slot 86 is covered by a cover plate 81 which is provided withtappedholes along its upper and lower edges to receive screw bolts 88.adapted to draw the plate 8! tightly against "the rear iface of thecarriage 65.

As shown in Figs. 1 and2,.the m .of the second micrometer gauge M isadapted to project into the right handend of theslot .86 to engage thepointed end 89iof the gaugingfinger-84. i I 1 4 .To provide. clearancefor the cylindrical stem m the slot 86 is provided with an arcuate orsemicircular groove 90 in its vertical wall, see Figs..5 and 6,whichextends from the right hand end of the slot to the leftsubstantially three? fourths of its length. A similar arcuate groove. 92is formed in the opposite vertical face of the .cover plate .81, the twogrooves 98 and '92 coop-. crating to form a partially cylindricalbore;In

accordance with this construction, by rotating the micrometer gauge M toadvance the stem m,

the gauge finger 84 will be advancedintheslot towards the anvil I8.

- The gauge units A and B of Fig. 1 are assem bled for operation bymeans of the joining member..54 which, as described above, is fixedlysecured between the plates 48 of the carriage 41 and the plates 63 ofthe rail by suitable bolts 59 and 62, the micrometer gauge M of the.second carriage being substantially. at right angles. to. the micrometergauge M of the fixed rail 36. The.

workpiece or tool T to be measured is held. fast in the lathe chuck 30and the assembled gauge I8 fastened to the tool carrier .16 by theclamping tudinal. axis of the tool.

Measurements of the profile of the:workpiece- T.which, for the purposeof illustration, may comprise the drawing tool, illustrated in Fig. 9,.

are made as follows. The gauge finger 84 is set initially opposite theend of the tool Tby sliding eter M to advance the gauge finger 84 intocontact with the tool. From this starting position, the carriage 41 willbe advanced toward the chuck in equal increments or steps of fivehundredths inches by turning the micrometer gauge M, its

stem m being in engagement with the adjacent plate 63 of the second rail60. Prior to advanc ing theycarriage 41, however, the operator mustoperator manipulates micrometer M to again advanee thegauge finger 84into engagement with the surface of the tool, The. reading of themicrometer gauge will be indicative of the dimeter of the tool at thefirst increment or step cylindrical stem After the carriage 4'1. hasbeen advanced its first incrementor step the alongits length.H-TheoperatQr then again -retracts the micrometerscrew M so as tolwithdraw-the stem m from behind the gaugeigfinger to enable thelatterto slide rearwardly freely' in its slot and thereafter advances-thesecond rail .60 a Second increment at which a second measure ofithetooldiameter is'made by the micrometer gauge M By performing this same'series of "operations throughout the entire length of. the t'ool, aseries of exact measurements of the-"profile at equallyspaced'pointstherealong willvbeobtainedw' The two micrometer gauges M and M shown arestandard depth micrometers-graduated inten thousandths'ofan inch; andhence the measurementsi-ofnthe profile are-to within tenthousandthsxin'cnaccuracy. i i. 'What is claimedis: t.

1. A profile measuring device comprising a frameia micrometer gaugefixedly secured on saidiframe; a carriage slidably supported onsaidframe; said carriage havinga pair of transversely disposed guiderails; asecond carriage mounted to slide freely on said guide rails; and asecond micrometer gaugefixedly supported'on said secand carriageparallel to the longitudinalaxis of said guide rails,-lsaid firstcarriage being slidable alongwsaid frame by manipulation of said firstgauge.

2. A .profile measuring :device comprising a frame; a micrometergaugefixedly secured on said frame; a carriage slidablysupported on saidframe, said carriage having a pair of transverse- 1y di'sposed guide.rails; 'a' second carriage mounted to slide'fre'ely on said guide rails;a secd'ndmicrometer gauge fixedly supported on. said secondcarriageparallel to the longitudinal axis; ofsaid. guide rails, said firstcarriage beingsIid ab1e-a1ong said frame by manipulation of said firstgauge; and rail spinning means on said second. carriage 'v-for slidablysecuring said :second carriage to said guide rails. 1

A profile measuring device comprising a: frame having a substantiallyvertically depend'- in'grarm'provided with a rail; a carriageunit'slidable freely on said' rail; a micrometer gauge fi'xedly secured tosaidtrail parallel to the longitudinal. axis of said carriage unit; asecond. car-v riag mounted to slide freely on said carriage unittransversely to said-trail; and-a.- second micrometer gaugefixedlyisecured to saidisecond carriage. parallel to thelongitudin'alaxis itliereofo 4. Aprofilemeasuring. device .compr'isingea framehaving: an arm/ provided with. airail, s'aid rail. havinguan upstandingtongue; zsacarr iage slidableson said .railand iconstructedand ar- 5. Asprofile measuring device comprising a framehaving aniarm provided With asubstantially horizontal" rail; a carriage-comprising spaced parallelmembersslidable on said il" each member having a transVer'se 'SIiStt-hei means forsup'porti ng said-carriageon said' rail" amicrometergauge fixedly secured to-the carriage supporting. means substantiallyparallel to the longitudinal axis of saidcarriage; a. guidememberadapted to fit in said transverse slots; means for securing saidguide member to said carriage; a second carriage m-ounted to' slide insaid guide member; and a second micrometer gauge secured to a saidsecond carriage at substantially right angles to said first gauge.- v69A profile measuring device comprising a frame having a substantiallyvertically depending and provided with a substantially horizontal rail;a carriage slidable on said rail, said carriage comprising spacedparallel Inembers 'hav-" ing transverse slots therein; means integralwith saidrail'and projecting up into the space between'the"parallelmembers-'ofsaid carriage for supporting said carriage on: said rail;f amicromg eter' gauge fixedly secured on -s'ai-d's'upport g meanssubstantially parallel to thelongitudinalf axis of the rail; a guidemember comprising spaced parallel members 'adapted'to-fit in saidtransverse slots; means adapted :to fit between the parallel membersof;' said carriage and the parallel membersof said guide member tosecure said carriage and guide member together ;1

a second carriageadapted-to be sl-idingly supported on said guide membertransversely to'sai d firs'tcarriage; and a secondmicrometer gaugesecured tosaid secondfcarriage; said first carriage being moved alongsaidrail byengagement of said first 'micrometer gaugewitn said" guidemem ber" [7; A profile measuring 'device'cornprising a frameya carriageslidable'freely on said frame; a guide member comprising spacedpa'rallelrails; meansfor securing said guide'm'emloer to said carriagetransversely to "the "longitudinal axis thereof; a second carriagehaving spaced legs supported to slide freely between the spacedparallelrails of said guide member; rail span-,

means for "slidingly securing said legs between-said spaced parallelrails; and a' micrometergauge-fixedly secured'tosaid second car? 1riagesubstantially parallel to the longitudinal ax'is- -th'ereof v i ,wA3, A profile measuring device cornprisin a frame a carriage slidablefreely on said frame a guidemember comprising spaced parall'elrails;

means for securing" said guide member tosaid carriage transversely tothe longitudinal axis thereof; a second carriage slidingly "supportedbetween said guide rails',--said' second carriage comprisingafyoke-shaped portion; an anvil secured-in one: end of'saidf-yoke; agauging bar sl-i'd'ably supported toslide freely'in the opposite eiid"of said yoke; and a micrometer." gaugefse cured to said second carriageand adaptedtjo engage" said gauging I I barfto advance said bartowardsaid anvil.

A profile measuring 'd eyice comprising a.

frame, a micrometer gauge fixedly secured ,to .the frameya carriage unitc'mounted .to slide freely on *said fram'e; a carriage mounte'dfto slidefreely on said carriage unit at substantially right angles to the:lQngitddinalaxis of said. micromcarriage and in axial alignment withsaid anvil.

nd l n i i 15; ifiaidcarriagei

